Though we rarely think about the heart s function, its operation is a wondrous symphony of actions that keep our cells and organs working properly. As the key component in our body s circulatory system, it works tirelessly to circulate oxygenated blood. It receives blood that is depleted of oxygen and sends it to the lungs. There, the blood is oxygenated before coming back to the heart. The pumping action of the muscle ensures that the newly oxygenated blood is sent to cells and organs throughout your body.
Below, we ll provide a brief overview regarding how your heart performs this critical task. You ll learn about the valves, arteries, and chambers that make it possible. You ll also discover some of the potential problems that can form over the years.
Valves, Arteries, And Chambers
Your heart has four chambers. Two upper chambers that are called atria and two lower chambers that are called ventricles. The left side of the muscle (i.e. the left atrium and left ventricle) is separated from the right side (i.e. the right atrium and right ventricle) by a wall of tissue called the septum.
Blood flows between the atria and ventricles, and out of the ventricles, through four valves. These valves ensure that blood flows in only one direction. The mitral valve sits between the left atrium and left ventricle. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle while the aortic valve fulfills the same job for the left ventricle.
Blood comes into the right atrium through a large artery called the vena cava. The blood flows through the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries. There, the blood is oxygenated by the lungs. Once it has been enriched with oxygen, the pulmonary arteries deliver the blood to the left atrium. From there, it moves into and through the left ventricle before being pumped throughout the body.
Potential Problems
Your heart s pumping action is due to rhythmic contractions in each of its four chambers. These contractions are caused by electrical signals produced by a group of cells called the sinus node. One of the potential problems that can hamper your heart s ability to pump blood effectively is the erratic path of the sinus node s electrical signals through the atria. This can cause a condition called atrial fibrillation.
Another problem is the disfunction of one or more valves. For example, the mitral valve can become narrowed or loose. Narrowing can prevent blood from moving between the left atrium and ventricle. A loose or leaking mitral valve can allow blood to flow from the ventricle back into the atrium.
In the case of atrial fibrillation, a skilled surgeon can perform a minimally invasive maze procedure to control the erratic electrical impulses. If you suffer from a defective or malfunctioning valve, a surgeon can repair or replace it (e.g. minimally invasive mitral valve repair).
The heart is an amazing organ. However, when problems form, they can dramatically impact your quality of life. If you experience symptoms that suggest heart issues, consult your physician to determine the most appropriate form of treatment.
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